Typology of Negation in Ob-Ugric
and Samoyedic Languages (NOS)

Khanty

Standard Negation 

Negative particle

• Northern Khanty (Obdorsk): Negative particle ăn(t) + conjugated lexical verb [lŭw kem ănt et-l ‘(S)he him/herself is not going out’]
• Eastern Khanty (Surgut): Negative particle əntə + conjugated lexical verb [ma əntə mən-ł-ə-m ‘I do not go’]

Word Order: Neg V

Sherkaly (Northern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Surgut (Eastern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Existential Negation 

Type B ~ C

	Existential Negation			Locative Negation
Dialect	Eastern Khanty	Northern Khanty		Eastern Khanty	Northern Khanty
	Surgut	Synja	Obdorsk	Surgut	Synja	Obdorsk
Element	əntəm (+Cop)	antom (+Cop)	ăntam (+Cop)	əntəm (+Cop) əntə (+Cop)	antom (+Cop)	ăntam (+Cop)
Word Order	L T Neg	L T Neg	L T Neg	L T Neg	L T Neg	L T Neg

Sherkaly (Northern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Surgut (Eastern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Negative Imperative 

Negative imperative particle

• Northern Khanty (Obdorsk): al + full verb in the imperative [al mija amp alt xŭl ‘Don't give the dog fish’]
• Eastern Khanty (Surgut): ał + full verb in the imperative [aɬ pɨta ‘Don't be angry’]

Sherkaly (Northern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Negation of Predicate Possession 

Type B1: Khanty uses three different constructions to express possession, and has two negating elements. The negative existential verb is also used for standard negation (a possible construction to express the past tense).

Type		Eastern Dialects (Surgut)	Northern Dialects (Obdorsk)
Have-Poss.	affirm.	PoRNom + PoMNom + tăj-	PoRNom + PoMNom + tăj-
	negative	PoRNom + PoMPx + əntə + tăj-	PoRNom + PoMPx + ănt + tăj-
Nominative Poss.	affirm.	no data	no data
	negative	PoRNom + PoMPx + entim	(PoRNom) + PoMPx + ăntam
Locative Poss.	affirm.	PoRNom + quťəŋnə + PoM + wăł- PoRLoc + PoM + wăł-	PoRNom + xŏśa + PoM + ul- no data
	negative	PoRNom + quťəŋnə + PoM + əntəm PoRLoc + PoM + əntəm	no data

Sherkaly (Northern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Non-Verbal Predicate Negation 

Eastern Khanty (Surgut): Two-way distinction

	Standard	Non-Verbal	Existential	Locative	Possessive
Present	əntə + Verb	əntə + N-V.Pred. (+Copula)	Subject/Theme + əntəm	əntə + wŏs-	əntə + tăj Subject/Theme + əntəm
Past/ Future	əntə + Verb	əntə + N-V.Pred. + Copula	Subject/Theme + əntəm + Copula	əntə + wol-	əntə + tăj-

Northern Khanty (Kazym): Three-way distinction

	Standard	Non-Verbal	Existential	Locative	Possessive
Present	an(t) + Verb	antəm	N-V.Pred. + antə	Subject/Theme + antəm	Subject/Theme + antəm
Past/ Future	at + Verb	antəm + Copula		Subject/Theme + əntəm + Copula	Subject/Theme + əntəm + Copula

Sherkaly (Northern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Surgut (Eastern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Other Types of Non-Standard Negation 

Sherkaly (Northern Khanty) example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

A list of abbreviations used can be found here: Northern Khanty, Eastern Khanty.