Typology of Negation in Ob-Ugric
and Samoyedic Languages (NOS)

Nganasan

Standard Negation 

• Negative auxiliary (ńi-) + main verb in connegative form [ńi-ndɨ-m konɨʔ ‘I don’t go’]
• Negative auxiliary is marked for mode and tempus
  • Word Order: Neg.Aux + V
  • Interrogative forms: emphatic statement

Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Existential Negation 

Type B:

Negative existential verb or predicate

Past/Future tense: negative existential verb

	Negative Prediacte Locative		Negative Existential
	T Cop L	T L Cop	L T Cop	Cop L T	L Cop T
Feature of Theme	[+definite]	[+definite]	[-definite]	[-definite]	[-definite]
Negative Element	ďaŋku ďaŋgujśa	ďaŋku ďaŋgujśa	ďaŋku ďaŋgujśa	ďaŋku ďaŋgujśa	ďaŋku ďaŋgujśa

Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Negative Imperative 

common negative auxiliary (ńi-) in imperative form + main verb in connegative form

Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Other Types of Non-Standard Negation 

1. other types of non-standard negation

   Gloss	Word order	Negative Auxiliary
   not able to	Neg.Aux+VerbCn	ləðiʔśi
   nearly	Neg.Aux+VerbCn	kasaďa
   almost	Neg.Aux+VerbCn	ŋuəlɨ-
   	VerbCn+Neg.Aux	əku-

2. lexically negative verb: ďerusa ‘not.know’

Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

Negation of Predicate Possession 

Type B2: Nganasan has two predicate possessive constructions, one transitive and one intransitve, the transitive construction is negated using the standard negation, the intransitive through the neg.ex.

	Type		Construction
transitive	Have-Poss.	affirm.	PoRNom + PoMAcc + hon-
		neg.	PoRNom + PoMAcc + ńi- + honəɁ
intransitive	Nominative Poss.	affirm.	PoRNom + PoMPx + təi-
		neg.	PoRNom+PoMPx + ďaŋku PoRNom + PoM(Px) + ďaŋguj- PoRNom + PoMCar + i- PoRNom + PoMCar + ďaŋku PoRNom + PoMCar + ďaŋguj-
	Lokative Poss.	affirm.	PoRGen + PpLoc + təi- + PoM
		neg.	PoRGen + PpLoc + ďaŋku + PoM PoRGen + PpLoc + ďaŋguj- + PoM
	Verbalization	affirm.	VerbPoss
		neg.	ńi- + VerbPoss in connegative form (no data)

Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf fomrat.

Non-Verbal Predicate Negation 

	First Way	Second Way	Third way
	Standard	Non-Verbal	Existential	Locational	Possessive
Present	ńisɨ + Lexical Verb	ńintuu + N-V.Pred.	ďaŋku + Subject/Theme	ďaŋku + Location	ďaŋku + Possessum
Past/Future	ńisɨ + Lexical Verb	ńisɨ + N-V.Pred. + Copula	ďaŋgujśa + Subject/Theme	ďaŋgujśa + Location	ďaŋgujśa + Possessum

Example sentences are available both in html and in pdf format.

A list of abbreviations used can be found here.